Pekarangan
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Pekarangan (Indonesian pronunciation: [pə'karaŋan]) is a type of tropical home garden developed in Indonesia, mainly in Java. In addition to plants, pekarangans may contain animals (including farmed fish, ruminants, poultry, and wild animals) and structures such as pens and bird cages. The gardens provide food, income, and ornamental plants, while also supporting social interaction, food sharing, cultural ceremonies, and religious practices. Some pekarangans are made, maintained, and spatially arranged according to local values. The first mention of pekarangan is found in a Javanese chronicle that was written in 860 AD. In 2010, around 103,000 square kilometers (40,000 sq mi) of Indonesian land were used for gardens of this sort.
The sustainability and social roles of pekarangans have been threatened by commercialization of its crops, mass urbanization, and land fragmentation. These factors led to a loss of plant diversity within the gardens, which consequently reduce the gardens' sustainability. The reduced sustainability of the gardens play a part in causing problems such as pest outbreaks and a rise in household debts.
Throughout the history of Java, pekarangans have been of little interest to its rulers that have ruled the island due to their minimal susceptibility to agricultural tax-in-kind. In the 2010s, they have gained the attention of the Indonesian government through P2KP (Percepatan Penganekaragaman Konsumsi Pangan), a program focused on urban and peri-urban areas that aims to optimize production with a sustainable approach.
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Ketamine - 2023-12-12 00:00:00
Niskala - 2023-01-21 00:00:00
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